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Section 16.1 Infinite Geometric Series

Subsection 16.1.1 Application: Bouncing Ball Problem

Example 16.1.1. Bouncing ball problem.

A ball is dropped from a height of 10 m. After each bounce, the ball bounces up to 80% of its previous height. Determine the total distance travelled by the ball. Bouncing Ball GeoGebra.
Sketch a picture of the situation. The sum of the distances is,
\begin{gather*} = 10 + 2 \cdot 10 \cdot 0.8 + 2 \cdot 10 \cdot 0.8^2 + 2 \cdot 10 \cdot 0.8^3 + \dots \end{gather*}
It is better to write out the distances without doing the arithmetic, so that it is easier to recognize the pattern. This is a geometric series, except for the first number 10. Each next term is the same as the previous term, except multiplied by \(0.8\text{.}\) The first term of \(2 \cdot 10 \cdot 0.8 = 16\text{,}\) and the common ratio is \(r = 0.8\text{,}\)
\begin{gather*} = 10 + \underbrace{2 \cdot 10 \cdot 0.8 + 2 \cdot 10 \cdot 0.8^2 + 2 \cdot 10 \cdot 0.8^3 + \dots}_{\text{geometric series, } a = 16, r = 0.8} \end{gather*}
Then, using the infinite geometric series formula,
\begin{align*} \amp = 10 + \frac{16}{1 - 0.8}\\ \amp = 90 \text{ m} \end{align*}
Therefore, the total distance travelled is 90 m.

Example 16.1.2. Bouncing ball problem: advanced.

Consider the general problem. A ball is dropped from a height of \(h\) meters, and bounces up to a fraction \(r\) of the previous bounce (where \(0 \lt r \lt 1\)). Find the total distance travelled, in terms of \(h\) and \(r\text{.}\)
Answer.
\(h \cdot \frac{1+r}{1-r}\)